Terminology for Cryptoassets

An identifier to represent a public key in a blockchain network. It is a person who conducts operational maintenance of the system with the authority to change the system settings. From the viewpoint of mutual checking, there are administrators with different authorities depending on the subjects to be managed. See also: operator. Defined in as "A modern branch of cryptography (popularly known as "public-key cryptography") in which the algorithms use a pair of keys (a public key and a private key) and use a different component of the pair for each of two counterpart cryptographic operations (e.g., encryption and decryption, or signature creation and signature verification). " A basic unit of the blockchain. A set of transactions on a blockchain which contains a cryptographic hash value of the previous block. An ordered series of data chains constructed that attackers cannot alter by cryptographic algorithms. A type of distributed ledger. Approval works defined by the consensus algorithm. A status that blocks and transactions in a certain block are approved by miners and users of the blockchain network. Agreements among nodes in the blockchain network. A digital representation of values that can be exchanged or transferred digitally, realized by a distributed ledger such as blockchain utilizing cryptography or similar technology. Business to manage the kind of cryptoassets. The business entities that operate the cryptoasset custody business. The information system that responsible for the cryptoasset custody business. A function for exchanging fiat currencies and cryptoassets, and also exchanging cryptoassets with each other. A business entity that operates a cryptoasset exchange. See: wallet Defined in as "A value computed with a cryptographic algorithm and associated with a data object in such a way that any recipient of the data can use the signature to verify the data's origin and integrity." A distributed database about cryptoassets with agreed processed. Defined in as "result of successfully spending some money more than once." fiat currency: Currency which has been established by the government or other authorities. A branch of a ledger. Ledger branching may occur accidentally or by specification changes. A case where a block is accidentally mined at about the same time, and a plurality of chains coexist temporarily. It occurs on a daily basis and converges to the longest chain by re-org. A branch caused by specification change of blockchain. It does not affect wallet implementation. A branch caused by a specification change without the forward compatibility of the blockchain, which may affect the wallet implementation in addition to the miner. There is a case where a plurality of chains continue to coexist permanently because there is no consensus between developers regarding the case where the majority of nodes stay in the specification change by following the hard fork, we call it split. Examples of typical splits include the division of Ethereum and Ethereum Classic in The DAO case of 2016, the division of Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash in 2017, and so on. The new coin born by division is called a fork coin. An initial block on a blockchain. Genesis block may differ to distinguish chains. Defined in as "The output of a hash function." Amount of a hash value which node is able to generate per unit of time (generally per second) See: wallet A process to append a received transaction to a block by validating a transaction with agreed consensus rules such as proof-of-work and proof-of-stake. A network node which contributes its resources to mining. Defined in as "requiring more than one key to authorize a bitcoin transaction". In this scope, the transaction is not limited to a bitcoin transaction. A device that connects to the blockchain network.Note that the node has a different meaning in the context of expression about the Merkle tree. The movement of value outside of the blockchain The movement of value on the blockchain It is a person who performs routine tasks based on authority as a normal task. See also: administrator. Defined in as "Blocks whose parent block has not been processed by the local node, so they can't be fully validated yet." A blockchain that only specified members can join the blockchain network. See: permissioned-chain An open blockchain that anyone can retrieve all of blocks and transactions without special privileges. Defined in as "The publicly disclosable component of a pair of cryptographic keys used for asymmetric cryptography." In contrast with "public-chain", A closed blockchain that only qualified users can access blocks and make transactions. Defined in as "The secret component of a pair of cryptographic keys used for asymmetric cryptography." Defined in as "method by which a cryptocurrency blockchain network aims to achieve distributed consensus." Defined in as "A piece of data that requires significant computation to find." The convergence into one chain based on a certain consensus from multiple chains that are temporarily branched. Value by the blockchain network which assigned to a miner who successfully validates a transaction. Rules may differ among blockchains and consensus rules. See off-chain A guaranteed digital procedure that automatically enforced on a blockchain network. See: fork 1) Data that represents the amount of cryptoassets like ERC20 specification, 2) Data used in the API as one of the factors with the authentication process. Defined in as "More precisely, a transaction is a signed data structure expressing a transfer of value." Transfer of cryptoassets from other addresses to one's own address. Transfer of cryptoassets from one's own address to other addresses. Checking the accuracy and consistency of given transactions and blocks. Specifically, it is general to verify the integrity of data to be digital-signed and also the integrity of other transactions and blocks. By verifying a transaction repeatedly, it is possible to verify blocks in the transaction. See: validation See: validation A mechanism that handles a key pair of a public key and a secret key used for transmitting cryptoassets and such a key pair. A wallet that is online connected to the network, the key is activated, and operators can coin out the cryptoassets by automatic processing. A wallet that is disconnected from the network and the key is inactivated. It can not be coined out unless there is an explicit operation by the operator. The frequency of outgoing coins is limited. Between hot wallet and cold wallet, there are various intermediate forms such as a wallet that is online, but requires manual operation at the time of signing a transaction, the wallet that is offline but the operation is automated, and warm wallet.